Understanding The Experience Of Dominican American Women...

Breast cancer is most common cancer among women. Any woman can get it despite not having family history of breast cancer. It is important to study cancer to fully capture the mystery that is cancer. The journal â€Å"Understanding the Experience of Dominican American Women Living With Late-Stage Breast Cancer: A Qualitative Study† gives us a look inside what a cancer patient goes through. This research was conducted to get an inside perspective of how Dominican woman live with late-stage cancer. It is one of the few studies to concentrate on Hispanic women. An illness such as cancer has a tremendous impact on a person. The researchers found six applicants than qualified for the study through an outpatient cancer outreach center in New York City. Their criteria were the following: 21 years and older; born in the US; spoke fluent English; diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer; receiving adjuvant therapy; and lived in New York City area. This study asked the question, how Dominican women handle living with late-stage cancer. The researches at Columbia University School of Nursing used Giorgi’s existential phenomenological framework. This review looked at the participant’s narrative, beliefs, and overall view. They used the following five steps to conduct the research: hear the recordings of the individual narratives; locate common themes among their description; group themes together to find big picture; define the experience the women face; give a description and structuredShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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The Sport Of Baseball America s Favorite Pastime

The sport of baseball, otherwise known as â€Å"America’s favorite pastime†, has reportedly been around since the 17th century. It has had its ups and downs like every other sport, but the crazy history of how it came about is quite extensive. Having to find new players that no one would think of to play and eventually having the first ever World Series; the sport has changed throughout time. The beginning of baseball can be accredited to Thomas Wilson who was a conformist leader in England. Wilson played a version of the game of baseball every Sunday, but the game did not gain popularity until Abner Doubleday created the basic rules of the game and baseball was played the same everywhere. The first reported scores of baseball are of the Cincinnati Red Stockings defeating the Great Westerns in a game of 45-9. The Cincinnati Red Stockings continued their winning streak to their next game against the visiting Mutual Green Stockings of New York with a score of 17-8 before an audience of 7,000 spectators. In 1871, the National Association of Baseball players created the first professional baseball league so that they could be an organized sport. In 1901 Ban Johnson renamed his Western League the American League because he wanted a clean start from the rough National League. This is what caused us to still have 2 separate leagues across the United States of America. It wasn’t until 1903 when the first Major League World Series was played to see who was the best team in all ofShow MoreRelatedBaseball : America s Pastime Of The Past1255 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball: America’s Pastime of the Past A pastime is a hobby that is performed in someone’s spare time. The term America’s pastime is something that the entire nation enjoys and participates in. Since its creation, baseball has taken the top spot as the nation’s favorite recreation. For generations it filled the homes of Americans whether it be via television, conversation, or participation. Families would travel together to their local baseball stadium and root for the home team. KidsRead MoreBaseball Is America s National Pastime976 Words   |  4 PagesThe argument over which sport is originally Americas national past time is as enduring and intense as American sports themselves. Each and every week millions of people tune in to watch their favorite sports being played. Over the years baseball has traditionally been known as the national pastime among all sports, but the rich tradition and history behind baseball is still around and noticed, with that being said, baseball is still refer red to as America’s national pastime. This can be attributedRead MoreWomen in Baseball1677 Words   |  7 PagesBaseball, some would argue, is America’s favorite past time. 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Major League Baseball(MLB) has had over one hundred players test positive for performance-enhancing substances over the past fifteen years. Performance-enhancing substances increase a player’s ability to produce better stats to help his salary. The past fifteen years of baseball have contained dirty play by some of theRead MoreThe Playing Days Of Lou Gehrig1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Playing Days of Lou Gehrig Baseball is a poor man’s sport, easy to play and addicting to watch. During the days of Lou Gehrig, whenever there was a baseball game, people usually forgot their worries that day and went to watch their heroes play. 1n 1917, the Americans declared war on Germany. â€Å"Even in America’s ballparks, German immigrants sought to distance themselves from their native land† (Eig, 19). In a world of insecurity caused by the jeopardy of war and an ongoing economic depressionRead MoreSports Influence On The Dominant Social Values1515 Words   |  7 PagesSports influence on the dominant social values in American life Americans have always loved sports; although the sports early Americans practiced may not still today be what the majority of people enjoy. For example, early Americans hunted, swam, ran, rode horses and played competitive games such as tug of war. They also participated in military skills contests, which have always been seen as an acceptable form of leisure time activity across many cultures. Sports have always been part of the AmericanRead MoreBaseball Is America s Pastime2754 Words   |  12 Pages The United States has long been known to have a pastime. That pastime is known as baseball. While there are other major sports in the United States, baseball is America’s pastime. This starts when father and son go outside and play catch. This continues when the son begins to play little league baseball, both father and son dreaming of playing in the World Series one day. For most boys, the dream ends in high school. For those talented enough, the dream may continue throug h college. For theRead MoreBaseball: the American Pastime in the Dominican Republic1926 Words   |  8 PagesBaseball: The American Pastime in the Dominican Republic One hundred and forty years after American-influenced Cubans fled their home island during the Ten Years’ War and brought baseball to the Dominican Republic (D.R.), the sport is thriving in the impoverished nation. In the sport’s top professional league, Major League Baseball (MLB), more current players were born in the Dominican Republic than any other country besides the United States, where 29 of the 30 MLB teams are based (Gregory 2010)

Analysis Of Albert CamusThe Stranger - 1017 Words

The opening line of Albert Camus’ The Stranger is â€Å"Maman died today. Or maybe, yesterday; I dont know† (3). Meursault is introduced in a state of indifference about his own mother’s passing. The attitude Meursault has about his mother’s death will be present throughout the novel, an attitude of passivity. External feelings are what he lives for, he spends no time examining his internal feelings. Meursault begins as an uncaring man who is unconscious to the world around him and his own self. He commits murder and through his trial, time in jail, and eventual death sentence he sees the meaningless of life and is content with it. Part 1 of The Stranger begins with the death of Meursaults mother and leads up to the murder of the Arab.†¦show more content†¦Meursault doesnt care if they get married he just wants sex, so he says they can get married if it makes her happy. It makes no difference to him. The most mindless decision Meursault makes occu rs on the beach the day of murder. At the beach where Meursault is most happy because of the sun and the water becomes the spot where his life of freedom will end. Raymond has an altercation with an Arab man and is hurt. The man is the brother of the woman Raymond abused. Meursault fueled this attack through the letter he wrote, this is his passive attitude coming back to affect his life for the first time of many. Meursault take Raymond’s gun and finds the Arab. He murders him without a second thought and throughout the scene he speaks of the sun beating down on him. His once warm friend has become his hellish enemy. Five times he shoots the man, four into his lifeless body. Meursault is the stranger as he commits murder paying no mind to the consequences. This is the first event that will truly begin to open his eyes to the worlds true meaning. The worlds true meaning begins to be revealed to Meursault through his time in jail and it confuses him. At times and forgets that he has committed a murder and he wonders why he is in jail and being interrogated. After many interrogations he says that it feels like he is one of the family between him, his lawyer, and the interrogator. Meursault lacks a sense of self otherwise he would realize he is not thereShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Albert CamusThe Stranger765 Words   |  4 PagesMisa Arima Period5 The Stranger Essay In the novel The Stranger, author Albert Camus uses the character Meursault to argue that happiness can only be achieved through ones ability to sufficiently react to what Heidegger calls Thrown-ness, and, if conscious with the exercise of the free will, only then life will be worthwhile. First of all, knowing that life occurs randomly that have no control of, leads to the happier life. In The Myth of Sisyphus written by Albert Camus, the protagonist Sisyphus

Immigration Policy Of The United States - 1045 Words

Recently the President of the United States, Barack Obama, spoke to the country about immigration policy and measures he wants to take. He announced this past Thursday he would be easing the threat of deportation for the roughly 4.4 million illegal immigrants who are parents of legal American citizens. This paper will look into not only this new policy, but also the comprehensive policy of immigration in the United States. It will cover where the foreign-born population comes from, the mix of high and low skilled immigrants, and who gains and losses due to immigration. Lastly we will discuss the direction the immigration policy in the United States should be taking. The immigration population in the United States is large and comes from numerous countries across the globe. The population of foreign-born residents in America is roughly 40.7 million people in 2012. Within this number 18.6 are naturalized United States citizen and 22.1 million are not citizens. Of the 22.1 million noncitizens, roughly 11.3 million are unauthorized immigrants. Today’s immigrant population makes up 13 percent of the total United States population, still below its high of 14.8 percent in 1890. Most of the foreign born population in America comes from Mexico, which accounts for roughly 28 percent. Followed by China, India, Philippines, Vietnam, Cuba, and Korea. Of the undocumented foreign-born population a majority of those is from Mexico, roughly 6 million or 52 percent of theseShow MoreRelatedThe United States Immigration Policy1199 Words   |  5 Pages In the United States immigration has almost always been a controversial topic to discuss. 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In the evaluation phase, challenges are made as to the effectiveness of a â€Å"living† policy. All government’s action or inaction, affects the people governed, and immig ration is no exception. In fact, it directlyRead MoreThe United States Immigration Policy1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States immigration policy has never pleased all Americans and probably never will. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, politicians have toiled continuously with the broken system. For example, Congress attempted to strengthen the western border by passing the Illegal Immigrant Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act in 1996 (Historical Overview). Although the proposed increase in Border Patrol agents seemed promising, insufficient funding kept the act from adequate enforcement (HistoricalRead MoreImmigration Policy Of The United States1763 Words   |  8 PagesImmigration is a timely issue that took my interest, and being an immigrant it was the first topic that came to my mind for this problem-solution research paper. It is imperative that the citizens must know that there are underlying major problems that are associated with the current immigration policy of the country. Thus, the United States’ government must address this serious problem with the majority support of its citizens. By tackling the issue of immigration, it will not just resolve one problemRead MoreThe Immigration Policy Of The United States1869 Words   |  8 Pagespeople migrate to different countries, the impact of immigration in countries, and how countries should go about regulating immigration. When discussing the ethics of immigration, it is important to view this topic from both sides and not just one side. In doing so, a person gets a sense of the bigger picture that the U.S. is currently dealing with due to immigration. With that being said, the United States should strive for an immigration policy that can benefit everyone involved as a whole. IsRead MoreImmigration Policies Of The United States1836 Words   |  8 Pages Immigration Policies Jennifer (Stark) Rinehart University of Charleston Immigration Policies Cheers to technology and the internet, the world has over the years turned to be a small village where physical and geographical barriers that hindered people’s movement from continent to continent no longer exist. As a result, people’s movements are no longer mired geographically, but rather by man-made policies. Such policies are termed as immigration policies. They denote a country’s setRead MoreImmigration Policy Of Canada And The United States1765 Words   |  8 Pagesauthor chose immigration as the topic of this report to rationalize and review its various aspects which will serve as the grounding to expand the author’s business in immigration based countries like Canada. The report encompasses the most preferred countries for immigration, immigration policies in Australia, Canada and the United States, and the economic impact of immigration. The report does not cover refugee immigration, illegal immigration and the negative impacts of immigration. There has beenRead More Immigration Policy in the United States Essay2016 Words   |  9 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We are now in the 21st century and like the beginning of the 20th century the United States finds itself in the throes of a period of mass immigration. More then one million immigrants enter the Unites States, both legally and illegally every single year. Many argue that this new wave of mass immigration may help sustain the success that our nation is having in regard to the way of living that many American have come accustomed to and yet others believe that although our nation was

Euro Essay Research Paper The Impact on free essay sample

Euro Essay, Research Paper The Impact on Information Systems Throughout the conversion to the Euro our information systems section will play a important function in the procedure. Therefore, it is necessary to affect them at an early phase in order to avoid possible jobs. As a consequence, the passage will supply us with a alone chance to test systems and finally harmonise them. But at the same clip, the conversion may imply a important cost. However, at present it is hard to measure the costs and the length of the version of our information systems. And as a consequence, this will temporarily bring on a competitory disadvantage vis- ? -vis non-European companies ( www.europa.eu.int: ? Why a Single Currency? ? ) From the position of our information systems, the conversion to the Euro may be compared to that of larning a new linguistic communication. Naturally, it impacts first and foremost the section that shops and conveyances information for all of the company stakeholders, including clients, providers, stockholders, loaners, revenue enhancement governments, and consumers. Consequently, it would be most good for the information systems section to be closely associated with the readying of all the other sections from the beginning of the procedure ( ? Why a Single Currency? ? ) . The Euro will hold practical deductions within all sections of concerns and will modify the nature of relationships with stakeholders. Among these deductions related to the information systems section, several chances will originate. These chances include reexamining information systems, bettering efficiency, placing external resources, and measuring electronic links with clients and providers ( Tirbutt, 1998, p 11 ) . Information systems require upgrading on a regular footing due to either obsolescence or to new company needs. In order to be effectual and operational both during and after the passage period to the Euro, information systems will hold to be evaluated and if necessary, suitably adapted. Bols-Wessanen presently operates with standard package bundles that will necessitate ascents in order to get by with the Euro. Therefore, the conversion provides us with a double chance to unite the demand to upgrade bing systems while besides accommodating to the debut of the Europe ( www.europa.eu.int: ? Why a Single Currency? ? ) . In reexamining information systems, it is necessary for the information systems section to take six of import stairss. First, they must test all package to measure whether each system can run in a multi-currency environment and be adapted to the usage of the Euro. Second, it is indispensable to originate treatments with bundle sellers to measure their ability to supply a euro compatible version at a sensible cost. Third, they must reexamine the customized package to measure its Euro-compatibility and possible replacing demands. Fourth, the conversion requires that the information section reappraisal and lists all bing Information Technology undertakings. Fifth, it is necessary to measure the impact the Euro will hold on current and planned undertakings. And eventually, they must modify certain undertaking programs and perchance choose another bundle ( ? Why a Single Currency? ? ) . The conversion will besides supply Bols-Wessanen with an chance to better efficiency by overhauling the Information Technology architecture of the company. Rather than incurring many little costs in accommodating systems separately, it may turn out cost effectual to reexamine the current operating processs, to simplify them, and so to implement a new system. This requires that the information systems section reviews the entire information engineering budget, lists the chances for concern reorganisation, and eventually identifies chances to replace obsolescent bundles ( ? Why a Single Currency? ? ) Identifying external resources is an of import portion of the passage procedure to the Euro. Bols-Wessanen will trust on external resources to scan, reappraisal, and upgrade our systems. Therefore, it is of import to look into with the usual suppliers every bit shortly as possible in order to do certain that they are fixing standard solutions for systems ascents and besides that they will be available at a sensible cost. Since the Euro coincides with the millenary issue and both undertakings will be highly clip devouring for both coders and analysts ; it is likely that there will be a deficit of specialised information engineering experts in the months merely prior to 1999. In order to get by with this deficit, the information systems section should gauge the external resources which will be required, look into the handiness of usual suppliers, and assess whether expecting the conversion could be a less dearly-won option ( ? Why a Single Currency? ? ) An increasing figure of companies, including ourselves have chosen to pass on with their major clients and providers through electronic links such as Electronic Data Interchange for orders and bills ( Jennings, 1998, pp 36-38 ) . Therefore, coordination with these spouses becomes important in the procedure of a smooth migration to the euro. As a consequence, the information systems section here at Bols-Wessanen should reexamine the understandings subject to electronic minutess, agree on the conversion timing and method, and implement the conversion at the same time. While information systems specializers will play an built-in function in implementing the new information systems, it must be the system-users themselves, perchance the caputs of the company, who determine the orientation of the conversion program harmonizing to the company? s demands and aims. Therefore, the information systems section should first name all needed versions, and eventually increasingly assure that they are implemented. The Implications for the Financing Department The debut of the euro provides us with an chance to reexamine our full exchequer operations including foreign exchange and involvement rate hazard direction. This will finally enable our sector to better the efficiency of the exchequer, and as a consequence, salvage money ( www.europa.int: ? Why a Single Currency? ? ) . However, there is besides an built-in hazard associated with the euro. Since the Euro is a new currency with no public presentation path, it will hold to turn out to hold the features of a? hard-core? currency and fiscal markets will hold to acknowledge this every bit good. Consequently, one may anticipate existent involvement rates to travel down throughout Europe through the decrease of hazard premium ( Jennings, 1998, pp 36-38 ) . The practical deductions for our funding section will come in the signifier of simplification of exchequer direction, the riddance of hedge costs within the Euro zone, decrease in working capital demands, and Emergency Alert Systems one entree to low-priced funding ( www.europa.eu.int: ? Why a Single Currency? ? ) Reducing the figure of currencies used in Europe will take to a simplification of exchequer direction for Bols-Wessanen. Savingss in fiscal costs are expected through the decrease of the figure of foreign-exchange minutess. The Euro debut will besides simplify hard currency operations, because there will be less currencies to cover with. It will no longer be necessary, for illustration, to reexamine day-to-day balances in multiple currencies. Therefore with regard to treasury direction, the conversion to the Euro will cut down the work load, cut down the mean balance, taking to reduced capital demands, and in conclusion, cut down dealing costs and extinguish currency spreads ( ? Why a Single Currency? ? ) . The Euro will besides let us to extinguish hedge costs within the Euro zone. Hedging is the procedure of trying to protect foreign currency retentions against an inauspicious motion of an exchange rate ( Daniels et al, 1998, pG-7 ) . It is accomplished when companies try to fit their planned payments or receivables with term purchases of currencies. However, these fudging methods bear a cost that is integrated in the currency? s forward exchange rate ( Jennings, 1998, pp 36-38 ) . Here at Bols-Wessanen we soon hedge all net hard currency flows with term purchases of currency. Consequently, these contracts bear a cost and besides go pointless if the currencies have non fluctuated. This creates the demand to warrant regular losingss incurred on fudging contracts ( p 36-38 ) . Foreign exchange minutess besides include a cost related to the currency hazard every bit good as a lesser cost that is due to the existent transportation of money from one state to another. The first cost will be eliminated within the Euro zone ; nevertheless, it is likely that the Bankss will go on to bear down fees for international minutess even if they are conducted in euros, merely as they do today. But, it is expected that these transportation costs will decrease as Bankss develop more efficient international payment systems ( www.europa.eu.int: ? Why a Single Currency? ? ) As a consequence, the conversion to the Euro will let Bols-Wessanen to alter several ways of operating in footings of extinguishing hedge costs. It will let the company to negociate monetary values in Euros, extinguish both transition and hedge costs, and salvage valuable direction clip by extinguishing the demand to track both the costs and benefits ensuing from each dealing. In a similar sense, the Euro will lend to the decrease of disagreements between value day of the months when they exist, and eventually avoid holding to explicate regular losingss on fudging histories. The Euro will supply for a decrease in working capital demands. One of the present maps of our funding section is to try to supervise balances in several currencies to restrict extra liquidness with little fiscal returns or to avoid the negative balances which can take to high overdraft costs. This monitoring requires day-to-day work and interaction with the bank. It calls for an hyperbolic exchequer float in order to vouch that each shows a positive balance ( Jennings, 1998, pp 36-38 ) . At present, our fiscal manager negotiates an overdraft in the local currency on a annual footing and efforts to reassign all sums on the current history every bit rapidly as possible in order to restrict the funding costs. The Euro will better the efficiency of hard currency direction by leting for an immediate set-off of debits and credits. In this regard, the conversion to the Euro will let the funding section to take advantage of several chances. These chances will let the section to instantly include all payments in the company? s chief history therefore leting for an immediate shutting and an riddance of history transportation holds, while besides leting the funding section to reassign sums at a ulterior day of the month to providers, thereby cut downing the colony period. And eventually, it will extinguish exchange fees on currency minutess ( Tirbutt, 1998, p 11 ) . Through the debut of the Euro, easier entree to low-priced funding will besides be achieved. The size of the Euro capital market will be comparable to that of the dollar market ; hence new funding chances and merchandises are besides to be expected. The costs of these merchandises and services will play an of import portion in the success of non merely the Euro, but besides the company ( Kamm, 1998, A1 and A10 ) . The liquidness hazard due to the progressive growing of the merchandises that will be available in the Euro market has many of import deductions during the passage period. Treasurers will accordingly hold to cover with the alteration in liquidness hazards and funding possibilities available in our place currency, which with longer adulthoods and increased distribution installations may present a challenge ( Tirbutt, 1998, p 11 ) . Therefore, it is the funding section? s responsibility to forestall a extremist alteration compared to the current conditions. Financing working capital and investings is non presently a major challenge for Bols-Wessanen. However, the funding available following the conversion to the Euro will depend on Bankss? general policies and abilities to show really specific and advanced undertakings. The debut of the Euro will take to larger, more liquid, and likely more differentiated capital markets. The Euro will prefer the development of new funding methods and therefore, supply chances to develop a broader investing base in Europe. Therefore, it is likely that the conversion to the Euro will increase competition in the banking and fiscal sectors across Europe, and facilitate entree to foreign Bankss ( Peterson, 1998, pp 64 and 66 ) . Similarly, the conversion will besides spread out the function of capital markets by offering broader entree to professional private capital suppliers, and besides cut down the figure of bank histories for Bols-Wessanen ( Jennings, 1998, pp 36-38 ) . If the optimists are right about the Euro, it will convey unprecedented chances for investors and the Bankss that serve them. A deeper, more sophisticated market could eventually give Europe? s fiscal establishments the planetary fight they have sought. But merely those prepared to capitalise on the many alterations will boom ( Peterson, 1998, pp. 64 and 66 ) . The exchequer and funding maps will be amongst the first to be affected by the conversion to the Euro. Most fiscal markets have already planned to originate the conversion to the euro every bit early as 1999, at which point the exchequer map of Bols-Wessanen will be required to cover with hard currency flows in Euros. Therefore, staffs in finance and exchequer sections need to be desperately informed sing the developments of the Economic and Monetary Union and how it will impact fiscal markets.

Analysis of a Case Study on Social Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of a Case Study on Social Marketing. Answer: Introduction: The current assignment aims to demonstrate critically the cause-related marketing, which deals with social marketing, especially with the adoption of pets in the Australian market. In this context, Akgn, Keskin Ayar (2014) advocated that social marketing is an approach that intends to form activities for changing the perceptions of the people to benefit the individuals and the overall community. The two institutions that have been selected to fit the purpose of this assignment include RSPCA and World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Accordingly, the marketing mix of both the institutions has been conducted with the help of 4Ps of marketing, which constitute of product, price, place and promotion. Finally, based on the conducted evaluation, the target market has been identified for both the institutions. Product Definition, Core Benefit,Expected Product and Augmented Product: In the words of Chikweche Fletcher (2012), product decision is the basic decision, which a firm needs to make in order to develop an effective marketing plan. The product mix for the two institutions has been briefly explained as follows: RSPCA: RSPCA is a charitable and independent institution, which has been providing protection services and animal care in Australia having staff base of around 1,000 in the nation. The major products of the institution include adopting dogs/puppies, cats/kittens and other small animals. In order to find the right pet, RSPCA offers advice to the customers and judges them based on their capabilities to adopt pets. After the selection of the dog, an adoption assistant of the organisation would visit the customer to provide information about that dog, its background and requirements (Rspca.org.au, 2016).The expected product would be delivered after viewing the photos of the customer backyard, in which the dog is expected to live. Finally, an adoption application form would be provided to the customers for ensuring that the right pet is selected with a cooling period of 24 hours. The core benefits of adopting a pet include providing the animal with a second opportunity to live. Since RSPCA is a shelter for the different pets in Australia, the cost of adopting a pet would be much lower in contrast to that of the breeders. Along with this, adopting a pet would help in increasing the happiness of the families. It would help in overcoming depression, anxiety and stress of the individuals (Gordon, 2012). Furthermore, the pets in RSPCA have been well-trained, which helps in saving plenty of time and additional efforts to train the same. World Wildlife Fund (WWF): WWF is a partnership organisation formed in collaboration with the scientists, government leaders and business leaders. The intention of the organisation is to prevent the hunting of the wild animals and the habitats of those animals (Donate.wwf.org.au, 2016). The organisation has been using hazardous materials company, in which the emotional reward would be conducted with the incorporation of press release in the website of the organisation regarding the partnership. The environmental group of WWF is engaged in selling gifts for the pets, which comprise of toys for adoption of species, crafts, apparel and cards. The scientist group of the organisation is engaged in tax deduction. Price Definition, Initial Cost and Ongoing Cost: As commented by Doan et al., (2015), price is primarily the amount, which a customer pays to purchase a particular product or service. The price mix for the two organisations has been described as follows: RSPCA: In the initial stage, the organisation has selected the scheme of penetration pricing. In this context, Greene (2014) stated that the penetration pricing strategy is a method through which the prices of the products or services are kept low to reach a broader market and commence word of mouth. Therefore, the main intention of RSPCA is to attract the customers to adopt pet animals through direct purchase from the organisation, instead of going to the pet breeders. In the later stage, RSPCA has focused on flexibility with respect to the donations and costs to maintain its animal care activities. Along with this, the organisation sells different types of pet foods and other stuffs at minimal prices for ensuring the living standard of the pets. The organisation provides shipping facilities to its customers at a rate of $9, which is much lower in comparison to the pet breeders. Furthermore, it provides discounts to some of its products like API Peffect Start for Aquariums, which is now valued at $12.95 from $34.95 before. Thus, the pricing strategy of the organisation aims to attract the interested customers towards adopting pet animals. WWF: WWF follows competitive marketing strategy in selling its products and services. The prices of products vary from $25-$250 for the adoptions of symbiotic animals. In addition, the organisation receives both public and private donations for preparing the animal foods and prices its products at a competitive rate in the market. The amount earned is utilised for the welfare of the animals living in the various shelters of WWF. Place/Distribution Definition: In the words of Kim et al., (2014), placement or distribution is a significant part of the marketing mix, in which the organisation needs to position and distribute its products in a place, which could be accessed by the customers. The place mix for the two organisations have been summarised as follows: RSPCA: The shelters of RSPCA are the visible portions of the operations of the Australian society. The role of the shelters includes adoption and rehabilitation centres for the injured and stray animals. Along with this, the organisation provides sanctuary for the horses coupled with livestock and wide array of wild animals. The extension and campaign would be developed within the existing operation systems of RSPCA. The location services are available on-site, which have adoption features. Such facilities are designed so that the customers could visit the shelters and adopt pets in a convenient manner (Huang Sarigll, 2014). In addition, the RSPCA are located in such situations that communication with the distribution of local support could be conducted effectively. WWF: The place mix strategy of WWF is entirely different in contrast to that of RSPCA. This is because all the stray and pet animals are solely transferred to the customers over internet. In addition, the animals are sold to the customers during fund raising events as well. In this context, Kim et al., (2014) stated that sale of products through online media helps in saving the time of the customers, which might increase their satisfaction level. However, as argued by Morris Koleszar (2015), since the products are not tangible in nature during online views, the promised quality might fail to meet the expectations of the customers. Since the organisation has only relied on selling pet animals over internet and fund raising events, it saves additional cost of maintaining a number of shelters. Promotion Definition: As cited by Rahmani, Emamisaleh Yadegari (2015), promotion is a significant constituent of marketing, as it might help in increasing the revenue margin and brand recognition of an organisation. The promotion mix for RSPCA and WWF are briefly summed up as follows: RSPCA: The promotion strategy of the organisation is aimed at increasing the penetration in the mass market with higher focus on advertising campaign. The main objective of such campaign is to increase the awareness regarding cruelty with the stray and unwanted animals. Some of the most notable campaigns in this respect include layer hen welfare, greyhound racing industry and live export. In case of the first campaign, it has been identified that nearly 11 million hens in Australia are confined to the battery cages. After conduction of a scientific report, RSPCA has found that the cages are causing problems for hens, which could be resolved by releasing them out from the same. The campaign has been made popular with the help of posters and television commercials. This has helped in increasing the consumer awareness, which lead to review of the standard guidelines and procedures (Schuhmacher Kuester, 2012). The same approach has been followed in case of the other two campaigns, in which the organisation has used television and social media to generate the awareness of the customers. WWF: WWF has formed partnerships with several governmental agencies and organisations to carry on with its current projects. It has been observed that WWF has supporters of around 5 million in the global countries, which have been developed with the help of its brand image. The organisation has used social media and newspaper advertising for promoting its fight against cruelty with different kinds of animals. In this regard, Sharma Lambert (2013) remarked that social media and newspapers are the most feasible techniques to promote services, as it helps in attracting the attention of the individuals rapidly. Along with this, WWF has concentrated on protecting the marine life by hard-hitting campaigns with the help of social media and television advertising. The marine life covers areas of Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the Great Barrier Reef and the island and coastal communities of the Pacific. The intention is to eliminate the traditional practices to ensure protection of the species through sustainable development programs. These programs have been promoted in the official website of WWF, since it is engaged in online selling of products and services. Target market: Based on the above discussion, it could be stated that the main target market for RSPCA includes the farming industries, the government and the entire society of Australia. This is because the operations of the organisation are restricted to the boundaries of Australia. In addition, the domestic households with stable income level constitute of the target market of RSPCA, as it intends to encourage adoption of pet animals along with generating attention for current projects through media releases. Such target market would help the organisation in achieving its long-terms goals and objectives (Singh, 2012). On the other hand, the target market for WWF includes the global government agencies, farming industries and the common households to prevent cruelty on animals and other species. The top global organisations include the target market of the organisation as well, as it is involved in a partnership with Coca-Cola for protecting the polar bears. In addition, the use of social media on the part of WWF aims to attract both the global young adults and teenagers. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it has been evaluated that both RSPCA and WWF aim to protect animal cruelty and encourage people to adopt pet animals. RSPCA follows penetration pricing scheme to sell its services, while WWF follows competitive pricing strategy for selling its services. In addition, RSPCA has different shelters in Australia for conducting its operations, while WWF is engaged in internet marketing in the global arena. Finally, it has been identified that RSPCA uses posters and television commercials to generate the consumer awareness. On the contrary, WWF uses social media and newspaper to raise the awareness of the customers. Therefore, the target market for RSPCA includes farming industries, government and the entire Australian society. WWF, on the other hand, targets the global organisations, farming industries, governmental agencies, households and teenagers. References: Akgn, A. E., Keskin, H., Ayar, H. (2014). 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